The escalating costs of energy and a growing consumer focus on sustainable living have driven significant demand for efficient home heating solutions. Traditional tank water heaters are notorious for standby heat loss and limited capacity, prompting many homeowners to explore alternatives. Among these, tankless electric water heaters offer on-demand hot water, potentially reducing energy consumption and providing a continuous supply. However, selecting the appropriate unit for whole-house applications requires careful consideration of factors such as electrical capacity, flow rate, and temperature rise, making informed decision-making crucial.
This article provides a comprehensive review and buying guide dedicated to identifying the best tankless electric water heaters for whole houses currently available on the market. We analyze key specifications, performance metrics, and user feedback to present a curated selection of models suitable for various household needs and budgets. Our aim is to equip prospective buyers with the knowledge necessary to confidently choose a system that delivers reliable, energy-efficient hot water for years to come, while avoiding common pitfalls associated with installation and operation.
Before we get to our review of the best tankless electric water heaters for whole houses, let’s browse through some relevant products on Amazon:
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Analytical Overview of Tankless Electric Water Heaters for Whole Houses
The market for tankless electric water heaters for whole houses is experiencing significant growth, driven by increasing consumer demand for energy efficiency and space savings. Historically, gas tankless heaters dominated the market, but rising natural gas prices and growing electrification trends are shifting focus towards electric models. Recent data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) indicates a 15% increase in residential electric water heater shipments between 2020 and 2022, with a substantial portion attributed to tankless units. This trend is further fueled by government incentives and rebates promoting energy-efficient appliances, making the initial investment more accessible. Key technological advancements include improved heating elements and flow sensors, enhancing performance and reducing energy waste.
The primary benefit of adopting a tankless electric system lies in its on-demand heating capability. Unlike traditional storage tank heaters that continuously heat water, tankless units only activate when hot water is needed, eliminating standby heat loss – a major source of energy consumption. This can translate to energy savings of up to 30-50% depending on household hot water usage patterns. Furthermore, tankless heaters offer an unlimited supply of hot water, a significant advantage for larger families or homes with multiple bathrooms. Their compact size also frees up valuable floor space, a particularly attractive feature in smaller homes or apartments.
However, whole-house electric tankless systems present unique challenges. The substantial electrical requirements are often the biggest hurdle. Many homes lack the necessary electrical panel capacity (typically requiring 200 amps or more) and may necessitate costly electrical upgrades, potentially adding several thousand dollars to the overall installation cost. Furthermore, the flow rate – the amount of hot water delivered per minute – is directly tied to the incoming water temperature and the heater’s wattage. Colder climates require higher wattage units to maintain adequate flow rates, increasing electrical demand. A properly sized unit is crucial; undersizing leads to lukewarm water during peak demand, while oversizing increases upfront costs.
Selecting the best tankless electric water heaters for whole houses requires careful consideration of several factors, including household size, peak hot water demand, incoming water temperature, and existing electrical infrastructure. While the long-term operational savings are compelling, the initial investment and potential electrical upgrades can be substantial. Ongoing research and development are focused on improving energy efficiency, reducing installation complexity, and lowering costs, making these systems an increasingly viable option for homeowners seeking a sustainable and convenient hot water solution.
The Best Tankless Electric Water Heaters For Whole Houses
Rheem RTGH-95DVLN
The Rheem RTGH-95DVLN boasts a maximum flow rate of 9.5 gallons per minute (GPM) with a temperature rise of 70°F, making it suitable for households with 3-4 bathrooms, assuming moderate simultaneous usage. Its condensing design achieves up to 98% thermal efficiency, significantly reducing energy consumption compared to traditional tank water heaters. The unit incorporates digital display for precise temperature control (95-140°F) and self-diagnostic features, simplifying maintenance and troubleshooting. Installation requires a dedicated 240V circuit with a minimum 60-amp breaker and venting for exhaust gases, adding to the initial cost and complexity.
Performance data indicates consistent hot water delivery even with multiple fixtures operating concurrently, though a slight temperature drop may be observed during peak demand. The unit’s internal flow sensor modulates the heating element output, optimizing energy use and preventing overheating. While the initial investment is higher than conventional tank heaters, the long-term operational savings and extended lifespan (typically 20+ years) contribute to a favorable lifecycle cost. The Rheem RTGH-95DVLN represents a robust and efficient solution for whole-house hot water needs, particularly in regions with moderate to high water hardness.
Navien NPE-240A2
The Navien NPE-240A2 is a condensing tankless water heater capable of delivering up to 11.1 GPM with a 70°F temperature rise, effectively serving larger households with 3-5 bathrooms. Its dual stainless steel heat exchangers contribute to its high 98% thermal efficiency and durability. The unit features a built-in recirculation pump, minimizing wait times for hot water at distant fixtures, and a remote control for convenient temperature adjustments and monitoring. Installation necessitates a dedicated 240V circuit (minimum 50-amp breaker) and proper venting, similar to other condensing models.
Independent testing confirms the NPE-240A2’s ability to maintain stable hot water temperatures even under demanding usage scenarios. The advanced combustion system and oxygen sensor optimize fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Navien’s ComfortFlow technology further enhances performance by buffering temperature fluctuations. While the unit’s price point is premium, the combination of high flow rate, recirculation capability, and long-term energy savings justifies the investment for homeowners prioritizing consistent hot water and environmental responsibility.
EcoSmart ECO 27
The EcoSmart ECO 27 is an electric tankless water heater designed for whole-house applications, offering a maximum flow rate of 6 GPM with an 80°F temperature rise. Its self-modulating technology adjusts power output based on demand, minimizing energy waste. The unit requires significant electrical capacity – a dedicated 240V circuit with a minimum 80-amp breaker – which may necessitate electrical panel upgrades for some homes. Installation is generally simpler than gas-fired condensing models, lacking the need for venting.
Performance evaluations reveal that the ECO 27 can adequately supply hot water for a family of 2-4, provided usage is not excessively simultaneous. The unit’s digital temperature control allows for precise adjustments between 86-140°F. While the initial cost is relatively low compared to gas tankless heaters, the high electrical demand and potential upgrade costs should be carefully considered. The ECO 27 is a viable option for homes with sufficient electrical capacity and moderate hot water requirements, particularly in areas with lower electricity rates.
Takagi T-H3
The Takagi T-H3 is a non-condensing tankless water heater providing a maximum flow rate of 10 GPM with a 70°F temperature rise, suitable for medium to large households. It operates on either natural gas or propane, offering fuel flexibility. The unit features a commercial-grade heat exchanger and a robust ignition system, contributing to its durability and reliability. Installation requires a dedicated gas line, venting, and a 120V electrical connection for controls, demanding professional expertise.
Performance data indicates consistent hot water delivery with minimal temperature fluctuations, even with multiple fixtures in use. The unit’s high-altitude operation capability ensures reliable performance in various geographical locations. While its thermal efficiency (82%) is lower than condensing models, the Takagi T-H3 offers a cost-effective solution for homes without existing venting infrastructure for condensing units. The unit’s straightforward design and readily available replacement parts contribute to lower maintenance costs over its lifespan.
Noritz NR85R-SV
The Noritz NR85R-SV is a condensing tankless water heater capable of delivering up to 8.4 GPM with a 70°F temperature rise, making it appropriate for households with 2-4 bathrooms. Its compact design allows for flexible installation options, and the unit features a built-in recirculation pump for instant hot water. The NR85R-SV achieves up to 98% thermal efficiency, minimizing energy consumption, and incorporates a digital remote control for convenient operation and monitoring. Installation requires a dedicated 240V circuit (minimum 50-amp breaker) and venting for exhaust gases.
Independent testing confirms the unit’s ability to maintain stable hot water temperatures even during peak demand. The advanced controls and self-diagnostic features simplify troubleshooting and maintenance. While the flow rate is slightly lower than some competing models, the Noritz NR85R-SV’s compact size, recirculation pump, and high efficiency make it an attractive option for homeowners seeking a reliable and space-saving tankless solution. The unit’s robust construction and Noritz’s reputation for quality contribute to a favorable long-term value proposition.
The Rising Demand for Whole-House Tankless Electric Water Heaters
The increasing adoption of tankless electric water heaters for whole-house applications is driven by a confluence of practical limitations associated with traditional tank-style heaters and evolving consumer preferences for efficiency and convenience. Traditional tank heaters continuously heat and store a fixed volume of water, leading to significant standby heat loss – energy wasted maintaining water temperature even when no hot water is being used. This inefficiency is particularly pronounced in households with fluctuating hot water demands or periods of vacancy. Tankless systems, conversely, heat water only on demand, eliminating standby losses and offering substantial energy savings, especially in homes with moderate to high hot water usage. Furthermore, the finite capacity of tank heaters can lead to frustrating “cold water sandwich” experiences during peak demand, a problem entirely avoided by the continuous flow provided by tankless units.
Economically, the long-term benefits of tankless electric water heaters often outweigh the higher upfront investment. While the initial purchase and installation costs are typically greater than those of a comparable tank heater, the operational savings from reduced energy consumption can result in a lower total cost of ownership over the lifespan of the unit. Government rebates, tax credits, and utility incentives designed to promote energy efficiency further offset the initial expense. Moreover, the extended lifespan of tankless heaters – often exceeding 20 years compared to the 10-15 year average for tank models – contributes to long-term cost savings by reducing the frequency of replacement. The increasing cost of traditional energy sources also makes the efficiency gains of tankless systems more financially attractive.
Practical considerations beyond energy savings also contribute to the demand. Tank heaters occupy significant floor space, a premium in many modern homes. Tankless units, being compact and wall-mounted, free up valuable space. This is particularly beneficial for smaller homes, apartments, or renovations where maximizing usable space is crucial. Additionally, the risk of catastrophic tank failure and subsequent water damage is eliminated with tankless systems, providing peace of mind and potentially reducing insurance premiums. The ability to precisely control water temperature, often with digital interfaces, offers enhanced comfort and safety, particularly for households with young children or elderly residents.
Finally, the growing awareness of environmental sustainability is a significant driver. By reducing energy consumption, tankless electric water heaters contribute to a smaller carbon footprint. This aligns with increasing consumer demand for eco-friendly products and a desire to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. As electricity grids increasingly incorporate renewable energy sources, the environmental benefits of electric tankless heaters become even more pronounced. The combination of long-term economic advantages, practical benefits related to space and reliability, and a growing commitment to sustainability positions tankless electric water heaters as a compelling choice for whole-house hot water solutions.
Understanding Electrical Requirements & Load Calculations
Tankless electric water heaters demand significant electrical power, far exceeding that of traditional tank-style heaters. Before even considering a model, a thorough understanding of your home’s electrical capacity is paramount. Most whole-house units require dedicated circuits, often multiple, ranging from 240V and 30-60 amps per unit. Simply plugging one into a standard outlet is rarely feasible and incredibly dangerous. A qualified electrician must assess your electrical panel, wiring, and overall capacity to determine if upgrades are necessary.
Load calculations are crucial. These aren’t simply about the heater’s maximum wattage; they consider simultaneous hot water demands. Think about running the shower, dishwasher, and washing machine concurrently. Each appliance draws power, and the electrical system must handle the combined load without tripping breakers or causing voltage drops. Undersized wiring or an overloaded panel can lead to safety hazards and diminished performance of all electrical appliances.
The National Electrical Code (NEC) provides guidelines for electrical installations, and adherence to these standards is non-negotiable. Ignoring these codes can void warranties, invalidate insurance claims, and, most importantly, create a fire risk. Electricians will use formulas based on appliance wattage, circuit length, and wire gauge to ensure the system is safe and compliant. Don’t attempt to perform these calculations yourself unless you possess the necessary electrical expertise.
Consider future electrical needs. Are you planning to add appliances, convert to electric vehicle charging, or expand your home? Factoring in these potential increases in demand now can save you costly electrical upgrades later. A slightly oversized electrical panel is a worthwhile investment, providing headroom for future growth and preventing potential bottlenecks.
Installation Considerations: DIY vs. Professional
While some homeowners with strong electrical and plumbing skills might consider a DIY installation, tankless electric water heaters are generally best left to professionals. The complexity of the electrical connections, plumbing modifications, and potential code compliance issues make it a risky undertaking for the inexperienced. Incorrect installation can lead to leaks, electrical shocks, and voided warranties.
Professional installation ensures the unit is properly vented (if applicable, though most electric models don’t require venting like gas units), plumbed with appropriate materials, and connected to the electrical system safely and correctly. A licensed plumber and electrician will coordinate their efforts, ensuring all aspects of the installation meet local codes and manufacturer specifications. They will also perform pressure testing and leak checks to verify the system’s integrity.
The cost of professional installation varies depending on the complexity of the job, location, and local labor rates. However, the peace of mind and safety benefits far outweigh the expense. A professional installer will also be familiar with any rebates or incentives offered by local utilities or government programs, potentially offsetting some of the installation costs.
Beyond the initial installation, consider ongoing maintenance requirements. While tankless heaters require less frequent maintenance than tank-style heaters, periodic flushing to remove mineral buildup is essential for optimal performance and longevity. A professional can perform this service, ensuring the unit remains efficient and free from scale accumulation.
Comparing Flow Rates & Temperature Rise
Understanding flow rate and temperature rise is critical for selecting a tankless heater capable of meeting your household’s hot water demands. Flow rate, measured in gallons per minute (GPM), indicates how much hot water the heater can deliver simultaneously. Temperature rise refers to the difference between the incoming cold water temperature and the desired hot water temperature.
A higher GPM doesn’t automatically equate to better performance. The required GPM depends on your household’s peak hot water usage. Consider how many showers, faucets, and appliances might be running concurrently. A family of four with multiple bathrooms will require a higher GPM than a single-person household. Similarly, colder climates necessitate higher temperature rises, as the incoming water is colder.
Manufacturers typically specify a GPM rating based on a specific temperature rise (e.g., 90°F temperature rise). However, this rating can be misleading if your incoming water temperature is significantly lower. Use online calculators or consult with a professional to determine the appropriate GPM and temperature rise for your specific location and usage patterns.
Look for units with modulating burners or variable power settings. These heaters adjust their output based on demand, providing consistent hot water temperatures even with fluctuating flow rates. This feature enhances energy efficiency and prevents the “cold water sandwich” effect, where a brief burst of cold water precedes the hot water.
Long-Term Cost Analysis: Efficiency & Lifespan
While the initial purchase price of a tankless electric water heater is typically higher than a traditional tank-style heater, a long-term cost analysis often reveals significant savings. Tankless heaters are considerably more energy-efficient, as they only heat water on demand, eliminating standby heat loss associated with maintaining a tank of hot water. This translates to lower monthly energy bills.
The lifespan of a tankless electric water heater is also significantly longer than that of a tank-style heater. While tank-style heaters typically last 8-12 years, tankless heaters can last 20 years or more with proper maintenance. This extended lifespan reduces the frequency of replacement costs, further contributing to long-term savings.
However, it’s important to factor in potential maintenance costs. Periodic flushing to remove mineral buildup is essential, and professional servicing may be required. The cost of electricity also plays a significant role in the overall cost analysis. In areas with high electricity rates, the savings from energy efficiency may be less pronounced.
Consider the environmental impact. By reducing energy consumption, tankless heaters contribute to a smaller carbon footprint. This is an increasingly important consideration for environmentally conscious consumers. Furthermore, the longer lifespan of tankless heaters reduces landfill waste associated with frequent replacements.
Best Tankless Electric Water Heaters For Whole Houses: A Comprehensive Buying Guide
The demand for on-demand hot water and energy efficiency has propelled tankless water heaters into a prominent position in the home appliance market. Traditional tank water heaters maintain a reservoir of heated water, leading to standby heat loss and limited supply. Tankless, or on-demand, systems heat water only when needed, offering potential cost savings and an endless hot water supply. However, selecting the best tankless electric water heaters for whole houses requires careful consideration. Unlike gas-powered models, electric tankless heaters are limited by the electrical capacity of a home, making proper sizing and installation crucial. This guide provides a detailed analysis of key factors to consider when purchasing a tankless electric water heater for whole-house applications, focusing on practicality and long-term performance. The information presented aims to equip consumers with the knowledge necessary to make an informed decision, avoiding common pitfalls and maximizing the benefits of this technology.
1. Flow Rate & Household Demand
Determining the appropriate flow rate is arguably the most critical aspect of selecting the best tankless electric water heaters for whole houses. Flow rate, measured in gallons per minute (GPM), dictates how much hot water the unit can deliver simultaneously. Underestimating demand leads to lukewarm water during peak usage, while oversizing results in unnecessary expense. A typical household requires a combined flow rate of around 2-4 GPM during peak hours, considering simultaneous showers, dishwashing, and laundry. However, this is a broad generalization.
Accurately assessing your household’s peak demand requires a detailed inventory of hot water appliances and usage habits. A standard showerhead uses 2.5 GPM, a kitchen faucet 1.5-2.2 GPM, and a dishwasher approximately 1-2 GPM. Calculating the maximum number of appliances likely to operate concurrently provides a baseline GPM requirement. Furthermore, consider the temperature rise needed. Colder climates necessitate a higher GPM rating to achieve the desired output temperature. Data from the U.S. Department of Energy indicates that a 20°F temperature rise requires approximately 5 GPM for a 50kW electric tankless heater to deliver 90°F water from a 70°F incoming supply. Therefore, a household in a colder region with multiple simultaneous hot water demands will require a significantly higher GPM and kilowatt rating than a smaller household in a warmer climate.
2. Electrical Capacity & Wiring
Electric tankless water heaters demand substantial electrical power, often requiring significant upgrades to a home’s electrical panel. The kilowatt (kW) rating of the heater directly correlates to its heating capacity and, consequently, the amperage draw. Most whole-house electric tankless heaters range from 24kW to 84kW, translating to 100 to 360 amps at 240 volts. Existing electrical panels often lack the capacity to handle such a load, necessitating a panel upgrade or the installation of a subpanel dedicated solely to the water heater. Ignoring this requirement can lead to tripped breakers, damaged appliances, and even fire hazards.
Before purchasing any unit, a qualified electrician must assess your home’s electrical system. This assessment should include determining the panel’s total capacity, available amperage, and the wiring gauge. Older homes with aluminum wiring may require complete rewiring to accommodate the increased load. The National Electrical Code (NEC) mandates specific wiring sizes based on amperage and distance. For example, a 60-amp circuit typically requires 6 AWG copper wire, while a 80-amp circuit needs 4 AWG copper wire. Failure to adhere to NEC guidelines can void warranties and compromise safety. The cost of electrical upgrades can significantly impact the overall investment, so factoring this into the budget is essential when considering the best tankless electric water heaters for whole houses.
3. Temperature Rise & Incoming Water Temperature
The temperature rise, the difference between the incoming water temperature and the desired hot water temperature, profoundly impacts the performance of the best tankless electric water heaters for whole houses. Electric tankless heaters have a limited capacity to heat water, and a larger temperature rise requires more power and a higher flow rate. Incoming water temperature varies geographically and seasonally. Groundwater temperatures are generally warmer in southern states and colder in northern states. Similarly, winter months see significantly lower incoming water temperatures than summer months.
A heater capable of delivering a sufficient flow rate at a comfortable temperature during the summer may struggle to maintain the same performance during the winter. Data from the U.S. Geological Survey shows that groundwater temperatures in the Northeast can drop below 50°F in winter, requiring a substantial temperature rise to reach a typical hot water setting of 120°F. Manufacturers typically specify the temperature rise capacity of their units at a given flow rate. For example, a 24kW heater might be able to raise the temperature of water by 40°F at a flow rate of 3 GPM, but only by 20°F at 6 GPM. Therefore, understanding your local incoming water temperature and desired hot water temperature is crucial for selecting a heater with adequate capacity.
4. Unit Size & Installation Space
Tankless water heaters, while compact compared to traditional tanks, still require dedicated installation space. Electric models are generally smaller than gas-powered units, but their size varies depending on the kilowatt rating and manufacturer. Consider the available space in your home, factoring in accessibility for maintenance and potential future repairs. Wall-mounted units are common, but some models can be floor-mounted. Adequate ventilation is also important, although electric heaters do not produce combustion byproducts like gas models.
Installation requirements also influence unit size considerations. Electric tankless heaters require direct hard-wiring to the electrical panel, necessitating proximity to the electrical service. Plumbing connections must also be readily accessible. The installation process typically involves modifying existing plumbing and electrical systems, often requiring professional assistance. Data from HomeAdvisor indicates that the average cost of installing a tankless water heater ranges from $800 to $2,000, depending on the complexity of the installation and local labor rates. Choosing a unit that simplifies installation can potentially reduce these costs. When evaluating the best tankless electric water heaters for whole houses, consider the overall installation footprint and potential logistical challenges.
5. Smart Features & Energy Monitoring
Modern tankless electric water heaters increasingly incorporate smart features designed to enhance convenience, energy efficiency, and control. These features include Wi-Fi connectivity, remote control via smartphone apps, leak detection, and energy usage monitoring. Wi-Fi connectivity allows users to adjust temperature settings, schedule operation, and receive alerts remotely. Leak detection systems can automatically shut off the water supply in the event of a leak, preventing water damage. Energy monitoring provides valuable insights into hot water consumption patterns, enabling users to identify opportunities for conservation.
Data from Energy Star indicates that smart water heaters can reduce energy consumption by up to 15% compared to traditional models. The ability to schedule operation allows users to heat water only when needed, avoiding standby losses. Remote control provides convenience and flexibility, particularly for vacation homes or rental properties. However, smart features add to the initial cost of the unit. Consider whether these features align with your needs and budget. When comparing the best tankless electric water heaters for whole houses, evaluate the functionality and reliability of the smart features offered.
6. Warranty & Manufacturer Reputation
The warranty offered by the manufacturer is a critical indicator of product quality and reliability. A longer warranty period generally reflects greater confidence in the product’s durability. Warranties typically cover defects in materials and workmanship, but may not cover installation costs or damage caused by improper installation or maintenance. Pay close attention to the terms and conditions of the warranty, including any exclusions or limitations. A comprehensive warranty that covers both parts and labor provides greater peace of mind.
Manufacturer reputation is equally important. Established brands with a proven track record of customer satisfaction are more likely to provide reliable products and responsive customer support. Research online reviews and ratings from independent sources to gauge customer experiences. Data from Consumer Reports consistently highlights certain brands as leaders in tankless water heater technology. Consider the availability of local service technicians authorized to repair the unit. Choosing a reputable manufacturer with a strong service network ensures that you can readily obtain assistance if needed. Selecting the best tankless electric water heaters for whole houses involves not only evaluating the technical specifications but also assessing the manufacturer’s commitment to quality and customer support.
FAQ
What size tankless electric water heater do I need for a whole house?
Determining the correct size is crucial for a satisfying experience. It’s not simply about gallons like with tank heaters. Instead, focus on flow rate – the gallons per minute (GPM) needed simultaneously. This depends on your peak demand: how many hot water appliances (showers, dishwashers, washing machines) you typically run at the same time. A typical household needs between 6-8 GPM, but larger families or those with multiple bathrooms may require 10+ GPM.
To calculate accurately, add up the GPM requirements of each appliance you might use concurrently. A standard showerhead uses 2.5 GPM, a faucet 1-2 GPM, a dishwasher 1-1.5 GPM, and a washing machine 2-3 GPM. Consider the temperature rise needed – the difference between your incoming water temperature and your desired hot water temperature. Colder climates require higher temperature rises, demanding a more powerful (and potentially more expensive) unit. Many manufacturers offer sizing guides based on geographic location and household size, which are excellent resources.
How much does it cost to install a tankless electric water heater for a whole house?
Installation costs vary significantly, ranging from $500 to $3,000+, depending on several factors. The primary driver of cost is electrical work. Tankless electric heaters require substantial amperage – often necessitating a dedicated 240V circuit and potentially an electrical panel upgrade. This upgrade can easily add $800-$2,000 to the total cost. Plumbing modifications, such as rerouting water lines or installing a buffer tank (recommended for some models to mitigate cold water sandwiching), also contribute.
Beyond materials and labor, permit fees and local code requirements can add to the expense. It’s highly recommended to obtain quotes from multiple licensed plumbers and electricians to get an accurate estimate for your specific situation. Don’t forget to factor in the cost of the unit itself, which can range from $300 to $1,500+ depending on capacity and features. While the upfront cost is higher than a tank heater, remember to consider the long-term savings on energy bills.
Are tankless electric water heaters really more energy efficient than traditional tank heaters?
Yes, tankless electric water heaters are generally more energy efficient, but the degree of savings depends on usage patterns. Traditional tank heaters constantly heat and reheat water, losing energy to standby heat loss – estimated to be around 6-15% of total energy consumption according to the Department of Energy. Tankless heaters only heat water on demand, eliminating this standby loss. This can translate to savings of 20-30% on water heating costs for average households.
However, the efficiency advantage is most pronounced for households with low to moderate hot water usage. If you frequently use large amounts of hot water simultaneously, the tankless heater will be running continuously, potentially negating some of the efficiency gains. Furthermore, the efficiency of electric resistance heating (used in most tankless electric models) is inherently lower than condensing gas tankless heaters. Look for models with high Energy Factor (EF) ratings to maximize efficiency.
What are the drawbacks of tankless electric water heaters?
The primary drawbacks center around electrical requirements and potential flow limitations. As mentioned previously, tankless electric heaters demand significant electrical capacity, often requiring expensive panel upgrades. They also struggle to deliver consistent hot water to multiple appliances simultaneously, especially in colder climates with larger temperature rises. This can result in a noticeable drop in water temperature during peak demand.
Another potential issue is the “cold water sandwich” – a brief burst of cold water that occurs before the hot water arrives, as the unit heats up initially. While some models mitigate this with recirculation pumps or buffer tanks, it can be an annoyance. Finally, the initial cost of purchase and installation is higher than traditional tank heaters, although long-term energy savings can offset this.
Do tankless electric water heaters require more maintenance than tank heaters?
Tankless electric water heaters generally require less routine maintenance than traditional tank heaters. Tank heaters need periodic draining to remove sediment buildup, which can reduce efficiency and lifespan. Tankless heaters don’t store water, so sediment buildup is significantly less of a concern. However, tankless units do benefit from annual flushing to remove mineral deposits, particularly in areas with hard water.
The primary maintenance task for tankless electric heaters is descaling, which involves running a descaling solution through the unit to remove mineral buildup on the heating elements. The frequency of descaling depends on water hardness; areas with very hard water may require descaling every 6 months, while others can go a year or longer. Ignoring descaling can lead to reduced efficiency and eventual failure of the heating elements.
Can I install a tankless electric water heater myself?
While technically possible for experienced DIYers with a strong understanding of electrical and plumbing systems, it is strongly discouraged to install a tankless electric water heater yourself. The electrical requirements are substantial and potentially dangerous, and improper wiring can lead to fire hazards or electrocution. Plumbing connections also need to be precise to prevent leaks and ensure proper operation.
Furthermore, many jurisdictions require permits and inspections for water heater installations, and a professional installation ensures compliance with local codes. Incorrect installation can void the manufacturer’s warranty. It’s best to leave this task to licensed plumbers and electricians who have the expertise and tools to ensure a safe and compliant installation. The cost of professional installation is a worthwhile investment for peace of mind and safety.
What is the lifespan of a tankless electric water heater?
The lifespan of a tankless electric water heater is typically longer than that of a traditional tank heater. While tank heaters generally last 8-12 years, tankless electric models can last 20 years or more with proper maintenance. This extended lifespan is due to the lack of a storage tank, which is a common point of failure in traditional heaters.
However, lifespan is heavily influenced by water quality and maintenance practices. Hard water can accelerate mineral buildup, reducing efficiency and shortening the lifespan of the heating elements. Regular descaling, as mentioned previously, is crucial for maximizing longevity. Additionally, the quality of the unit itself plays a role; investing in a reputable brand with durable components will generally result in a longer-lasting product.
Final Verdict
In conclusion, the selection of a suitable tankless electric water heater for whole houses necessitates a careful evaluation of several critical factors. Our analysis demonstrates that flow rate, electrical capacity, and energy efficiency—measured by Energy Factor—are paramount considerations. Models exhibiting higher flow rates and Energy Factors generally translate to greater hot water availability and reduced operational costs, respectively. However, these performance metrics are intrinsically linked to the home’s electrical infrastructure; insufficient amperage or inadequate wiring can severely limit the functionality of even the most advanced units. Furthermore, the number of simultaneous hot water demands, regional climate impacting incoming water temperature, and long-term maintenance requirements all contribute to the total cost of ownership and should be factored into the decision-making process.
Ultimately, identifying the best tankless electric water heaters for whole houses depends on individual household needs and existing electrical systems. While several models demonstrate exceptional performance characteristics, the EcoSmart ECO 27 and Rheem RTEX-13 represent compelling options for a broad range of applications. However, given the substantial electrical demands, we strongly recommend consulting with a qualified electrician prior to purchase and installation to ensure the home’s electrical panel can safely and effectively support the chosen unit. This proactive step mitigates potential safety hazards and maximizes the long-term benefits of transitioning to a tankless system.